Vanadium-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries: Mechanism, design strategies and challenges
Publication Name
Energy Storage Materials
Abstract
Although lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have many advantages like high energy density, high average operating voltage, low self-discharge, and long-cycle performance, it cannot meet the practical demand of large-scale energy storage devices due to the shortage of lithium resources and potential safety hazards. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are being considered as a potential alternative to LIBs owing to their advantages of low cost, high safety, abundant natural zinc resources, and high gravimetric energy density. However, developing high-performance cathode materials for AZIBs is still a great challenge because the current cathode materials of AZIBs often suffer from low conductivity, and the energy storage mechanism is relatively complex. Compared to other cathode materials, vanadium-based materials have the advantages of low cost, high capacity, high power density, and long cycle life. In this review, the latest progress in vanadium-based cathodes for AZIBs is summarized, and several energy storage mechanisms (Zn2+intercalation/extraction, H+/Zn2+co-insertion/extraction, and conversion reaction) are presented. Meanwhile, the relationship between the material structure and electrochemical activity is briefly discussed by summarizing the materials structures (including layered, tunnel, NASICON-type, spinel structures) and the design strategies (such as the ion intercalation, the molecular intercalation, the ion/molecule co-intercalation, the vacancy defects intercalation, and introduction of conductive carbon materials). Finally, this review also addresses the challenges in vanadium-based cathode materials for AZIBs and the perspectives for future development of vanadium-based cathode materials.
Open Access Status
This publication is not available as open access
Volume
50
First Page
21
Last Page
46
Funding Number
22065017
Funding Sponsor
National Natural Science Foundation of China