Mildly acidic pH activates the extracellular molecular chaperone clusterin

Authors

Stephen Poon, University of WollongongFollow
M. S. Rybchyn, University of Sydney
S. B. Easterbrook-Smith, University of Sydney
J. A. Carver, University of Wollongong
G. J. Pankhurst, University of Sydney
Mark R. Wilson, University of WollongongFollow

RIS ID

8382

Publication Details

This article was originally published as Poon, S, Rybchyn, MS, Easterbrooke-Smith, SB et al, Mildly acidic pH activates the extracellular molecular chaperone clusterin, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 2002, 39532-39540. Original journal available here.

Abstract

Many features of the chaperone action of clusterin are similar to those of the intracellular small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) which, like clusterin, exist in solution as heterogeneous aggregates. Increased temperature induces dissociation of some sHSP aggregates and an enhanced chaperone action, suggesting that a dissociated form is the active chaperone species. We recently reported that clusterin aggregates dissociate at mildly acidic pH. To further explore the similarities between clusterin and the sHSPs, we tested the effects of temperature and pH on the structure of clusterin and its chaperone action. Our results demonstrate that increased temperature does not induce dissociation of clusterin aggregates, or other major structural changes, and has little effect on its chaperone action. However, we show that the chaperone action of clusterin is enhanced at mildly acidic pH. Clusterin is the first chaperone shown to be activated by reduced pH. This unique mode of activation appears to result from an increase in regions of solventexposed hydrophobicity which is independent of any major changes in secondary or tertiary structure. We propose a model in which low pH-induced dissociation of clusterin aggregates increases the abundance of the heterodimeric chaperone-active species, which has greater hydrophobicity exposed to solution.