Rapid synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 microspheres as anode materials and its binder effect for lithium-ion battery

Authors

Shulei Chou, University of WollongongFollow
Jiazhao Wang, University of WollongongFollow
Hua-Kun Liu, University of WollongongFollow
S. X. Dou, University of WollongongFollow

RIS ID

38495

Publication Details

Chou, S., Wang, J., Liu, H. Dou, S. (2011). Rapid synthesis of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ microspheres as anode materials and its binder effect for lithium-ion battery. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C: Nanomaterials and Interfaces, 115 (32), 16220-16227.

Abstract

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ microspheres composed of nanoflakes were synthesized within 1 h by a combination of a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and a microwave postannealing process. The Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller N₂ adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was also investigated as a low-cost green binder. The electrochemical tests, including constant current charge–discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, demonstrated that the electrode using CMC as binder had better high-rate capability than the one with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder. The electrode using CMC and PVDF as binder had the same lithium diffusion coefficient. The electrode using CMC as binder showed much lower charge transfer resistance, lower apparent activation energy, and lower apparent diffusion activation energy than for the electrode using PVDF as the binder. Apparent activation energies of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ microsphere electrodes using CMC and PVDF as binder were calculated to be 26.8 and 33.6 kJ mol^–1, respectively.