Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: review of worldwide outbreaks - an update 2011-2016
RIS ID
112368
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive update of worldwide waterborne parasitic protozoan outbreaks that occurred with reports published between January 2011 and December 2016. At least 381 outbreaks attributed to waterborne transmission of parasitic protozoa were documented during this time period. The nearly half (49%) of reports occurred in New Zealand, 45% in North America and 6% in Europe. The most common etiological agent was Cryptosporidium spp., reported in 63% (240) of the outbreaks, while Giardia spp. was mentioned in 37% (141). No outbreaks attributed to other parasitic protozoa were reported. The distribution of reported outbreaks does not correspond to more broadly available epidemiological data or general knowledge of water and environmental conditions in the reporting countries. Noticeably, developing countries that are probably most affected by such waterborne disease outbreaks still lack reliable surveillance systems, and an international standardization of surveillance and reporting systems has yet to be established.
Publication Details
Efstratiou, A., Ongerth, J. E. & Karanis, P. (2017). Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: review of worldwide outbreaks - an update 2011-2016. Water Research, 114 14-22.