The impact of whole-grain food definitions on understanding intake, health benefits and strategies for promotion of whole grains

Chronic disease is an increasing burden on global health, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) the largest contributor to global death. However, the evidence base indicates that whole-grain consumption is associated with reduced chronic disease and mortality risk. Despite the breadth of recommendations and documented health benefits, whole-grain intake remains globally low. Many strategies exist in promoting greater whole-grain intake, yet issues may exist in the translation of such messages. This may be a result of inconsistencies in the definition of a whole-grain food, where whole-grain labelling and promotion is inconsistent, and recommendations may be based on inconsistent research methodologies. This thesis aims to investigate the impacts of standardised whole-grain food definitions in research, public health, food industry and consumer contexts, and explore the relevance of application across the breadth of settings in promoting and improving whole-grain intake. The research hypothesised that consistency in whole-grain calculation and application of standardised whole-grain food definitions are required for research, food industry and public health to adequately define health benefits and translate whole-grain messages to consumers in terms that will minimise confusion and scepticism. This will ultimately promote whole-grain intake.