The effect of titanium on phosphorus removal during Basic Oxygen Steelmaking

Efficient removal of impurities such as phosphorus and titanium in the Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) process is critical for minimising the processing cost while achieving the required specification of steel. Historically, this has been achieved by the selection of iron ores that are low in phosphorus and titanium. However, the higher cost of these low impurity ores is an economic driver for steelmakers to investigate the effect of various impurities on key reactions such as dephosphorisation.