Improved testing methods for sunscreens: quantitative, in-vitro evaluation of UV absorption efficiency and application to commercial sunscreen formulations

Despite a range of well-received and successful public education campaigns over the years skin cancer remains a major health issue in Australia and two out of three Australians are exp ected to have a skin cancer diagnosis before the age of 70. Over 13,000 new cases of melanoma are diagnosed each year and close to 980,000 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are treated. Around 95% of all skin cancers are caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mainly during recreational activities or working outside. Australia experiences a unique level of solar UV, significantly higher than, for example, Europe. This thesis presents data from several global locations for comparison to emphasize this point.