Evaluation of standoff estimation methods in GMAW processes

Automated and robotic Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) processes are nowadays extensively used in many different industries due to their low cost, ease of operation and flexibility to different applications. The short-circuit transfer mode is widely used for joining thin sections and the spray transfer mode is extensively used for filling and joining thick sections. However, GMAW processes are susceptible to defects due to their operating characteristics [1]. Hence, quality of the components produced by automated and robotic GMAW is of prime importance.