The behavior of precipitates during hot-deformation of low-manganese, titanium-added pipeline steels

The behavior of manganese and titanium sulfides during the hot deformation of a low-carbon, low-manganese, titanium-added steel has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis. In addition, the effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the size and distribution of precipitates have been studied using an automatic inclusion analysis system. Also, the effect of precipitate distribution on mechanical properties was studied at different deformation conditions of temperature and strain rate. The TEM and SEM analyses revealed the presence of a wide variety of simple and/or complex precipitates in the as-cast structure. These precipitates behaved differently during the hot deformation of steel. Precipitates deformed less at higher deformation temperatures, whereas an increase in strain rate increased the elongation of precipitates.