Why do we need new inclusion experimental techniques?

There is an ever increasing demand for cleaner steels, that is, those with low oxide inclusion content. This demand has highlighted the limitations of our current knowledge in controlling and predicting inclusion development during liquid steel processing.1) The formation of inclusions during liquid steel refining is an unavoidable consequence of the current industrial steelmaking process. Steel leaving a steelmaking converter contains anything from 400-1000 ppm of oxygen in solution [O].2) The [O] concentration needs to be reduced to less than 30 ppm to be cast. If not, it will react on solidification producing gas and condensed oxides. If cast in such a condition the steel would be virtually worthless, containing significant porosity and oxide matter resulting in extremely poor mechanical properties