The 4-L framework of family business leadership

The 4-L framework for learning family business leadership is a practical model based on empirical research into the learning experiences of second or later generation family business owners who attained the CEO role in the family firm. The strength of this framework is that it takes account of: • The special characteristics of firms run primarily by blood-related members of a single family; • The paradoxes family firm leaders have to manage in combining two conventionally unrelated systems: business and family.