Removal of trace organic contaminants by integrated membrane processes for water reuse applications

This chapter discusses advanced technologies for the removal of emerging trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) from wastewater for reuse purposes. In particular, integrated membrane processes for TrOC removal are delineated. In the environment, TrOCs may be present as a mixture of various compounds and their transformation products. Mixtures of TrOCs may impose a more complicated effect when compared to that of a single compound. Water recycling is a pragmatic approach to mitigate or solve the problems of water supply. There is a growing interest in using nontraditional water resources by means of water reclamation and water recycling for long-term sustainability. This chapter explains the removal of TrOCs by existing and advanced treatment processes. Some of the processes include activated carbon adsorption, high-pressure membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, and enzymatic degradation. The biomass feature is an important factor for TrOC removal in membrane bioreactor (MBR).