Structural evolution of electrodes in the NCR and CGR cathode-containing commercial lithium-ion batteries cycled between 3.0 and 4.5 V: an operando neutron powder-diffraction study

Authors

Wei Kong Pang, University of WollongongFollow
Moshiul Alam, ANSTO
Vanessa K. Peterson, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science And Technology OrganisationFollow
Neeraj Sharma, The Bragg Institute, University of New South Wales

RIS ID

96048

Publication Details

Pang, W., Alam, M., Peterson, V. K. & Sharma, N. (2015). Structural evolution of electrodes in the NCR and CGR cathode-containing commercial lithium-ion batteries cycled between 3.0 and 4.5 V: an operando neutron powder-diffraction study. Journal of Materials Research, 30 (3), 373-380.

Abstract

The dissimilar lattice-evolution of the isostructural layered Li(Ni,Co,Al)O₂ (NCR) and Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O₂ (CGR) cathodes in commercial lithium-ion batteries during overcharging/discharging was examined using operando neutron powder-diffraction. The stacking axis (c parameter) of both cathodes expands on initial lithiation and contracts on further lithiation. Although both the initial increase and later decrease are smaller for the CGR cathode, the overall change between battery charged and discharged states of the c parameter is larger for the CGR (1.29%) than for the NCR cathode (0.33%). We find these differences are correlated to the transition metal to oxygen bond (as measured through the oxygen positional-parameter) which is specific to the different cathode chemistries. Finally, we note the formation of and suggest a model for a LiC_x intermediate between graphite and LiC₁₂ in the anode of both batteries.