2024-03-28T23:48:28Z
http://ro.uow.edu.au/do/oai/
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1001
2010-08-23T23:19:21Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Program development by data abstraction
Hille, Reinhold Friedrich
The power and complexity of computing machinery has increased rapidly in recent times, but there has not been a corresponding development of a methodology of programming. Some steps have been made in the right direction, such as "structured programming" [Dahl, Dijkstra, and Hoare, 1972]. It can be argued that applicative languages, whose forerunner LISP, hold much promise for the development of a much more powerful programming methodology than has been achieved through the medium of conventional programming languages, which reflect far too closely the structure of the underlying machinery, and who for that reason contain many features that are inhibitive rather than helpful to program development. Assignment statements and loop constructs are manifestations of that fact. There is absolutely no necessity that the mode of operation of "one word at a time" should be reflected in high level languages. Backus [1978] points out that conventional programming languages are large, complex, and inflexible. He introduces a functional style of programming which facilitates abstraction.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/2
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1001/viewcontent/no.82_18.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1002
2013-08-19T04:43:32Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Trees as data structures
Berztiss, Alfs T.
In these notes for a series of lectures given at the University of Wollongong in the Winter of 1979 emphasis is on the structural aspects of trees, i.e., there is little concern with properties related to the information content of trees. Hence nothing will be found here on, for example, optimization of weighted trees, B-trees, or decision trees as used in artificial intelligence work. Some of the material is an adaptation of the author's research results. This research was partly supported by the National Science Foundation of the United States under Grants GJ-4l683 and MCS 77-01462.
1979-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/3
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1002/viewcontent/no.79_2.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1003
2010-09-01T04:21:37Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A mass spectrum dictionary for fast library searching
Dromey, R. Geoff
When data can be arranged according to some ordering principle (e.g. numerical or alphabetical) powerful searching techniques can be applied to retrieve information. An explicit set of procedures is proposed for constructing a precisely ordered mass spectrum dictionary. Performance tests on the proposed system show that on average less than 1% of the spectra need to be examined in searching for a given unknown. The mass spectrum dictionary is economical on storage and it will accommodate spectrum variability likely to be found in a library search environment.
1978-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/4
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1003/viewcontent/no.78_2.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1004
2010-09-01T04:59:49Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
The structural molecular formula: extending the molecular weight - molecular formula series
Dromey, R. Geoff
There is a pressing need for simple, flexible and efficient techniques for substructural searching of large data bases. The structural molecular formula described, represents a logical extension of the molecular weight and molecular formula descriptions of molecular topology. It is shown to come close to structure diagrams in structural resolution and is therefore an idenl tool for screening large data bases.
1978-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/5
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1004/viewcontent/no.78_3.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1005
2013-08-14T04:45:42Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
SLMP: Source Library Maintenance Package implementation notes
Almond, Ian
SLMP is a Source Library Maintenance package written to enable a group of 'source decks' or programs to be stored on a corrmon library and provide a system for maintaining a record of all modifications made to each program. It is designed to be used 8S a UNIX command which will accept from the standard input a set of commands and 'update directives' which control the manipulation of decks on the library and line oriented modifications to specific decks.
1978-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/6
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1005/viewcontent/no.78_9.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1006
2010-09-02T02:17:09Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Optimum scaling of mass spectra for computer matching
Dromey, R. Geoff
A scaling procedure that minimizes effects due to mass discrimination and other instrumental distortion in computer-matching of mass spectra is described. It is shown how spectra should only be matched when they have been scaled to be at their minimum "distance" with respect to the similarity index being used for the measurement.
1979-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/7
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1006/viewcontent/no.79_1.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1007
2010-09-02T02:35:22Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Additional notes on a model for communicating sequential processes
Hoare, C. A. R.
These notes contain copies of the overhead projector slides presented at the Communicating Sequential Processes Symposium in Wollongong which were not included in the original preprint 80-1 issued at the Symposium.
1980-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/8
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1007/viewcontent/no.80_3.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1008
2013-10-22T00:28:39Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Down-line loading on hero robot
Fulcher, John
Expansion of ET-18 (Hero 1.0) Educational Robot in order to provide down-line loading capability from the Unix time-shared operating system is described. This expansion has also enabled up-line saving of programs from Hero to Unix. These facilities are implemented in EPROM form (2716) in the optional ROM socket on Hero's CPU board. The program stored in EPROM is essentially the same as the Utility EPROM used on the expanded ET-3400 Microprocessor Trainers in the Department's Microcomputer Laboratory, with minor modifications to run on Hero. As a direct result of incorporating these facilities into Hero, the Unix down-line load program 'dll' has been upgraded (to allow for up-line save), and an r-file for the Unix general-purpose cross-~ssembler 'mac' has been written to allow for the use of Robot Interpreter commands (Hero utilizes unused M6800 op. codes as commands when running in its 'Robot Interpreter' mode).
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/9
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1008/viewcontent/no.84_13.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1009
2010-09-01T06:05:34Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Rapid calculation of elemental compositions for high resolution mass spectra data
Dromey, R. Geoff
Foyster, Gordon T.
When the calculation of elemental compositions for high resolution mass spectral data is structured in such a way as to minimize the number of steps to generate each new candidate considerable gains in efficiency can be achieved. Furthermore, if meticulous care is taken to only examine those regions of the composition search space that can possibly-lead to valid compositions th'm even much larger gains in computational efficiency can be made. Both these aspects of the elemental composition calculation are explored ill detail. The outcome has been the development of a new algorithm for elemental composition calculations that is approximately 100 times faster than currently available algorithms for typical spectra. The new algorithim alleviates the problem of excessive computation times for both high mass values and for situations where six or more element types must be considered.
1979-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/10
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1009/viewcontent/no.79_3.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1011
2010-09-01T06:16:02Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Phototypesetter previewer initial specification
Ashton, James
The current situation at Wollongong University regarding the phototypesetting of documents has two main inadequacies. Firstly the average time between the submission of a job and the receipt of a finished document is probably greater than a week. This is an unacceptably long time if one or more error correcting stages is required before an accurate document is produced. Secondly the cost of phototypesetting is high currently sixty cents per (A4) page. The correction of errors can therefore be expensive as well as time consuming. A solution to these problems would be an easy method for accurately previewing output before it is submitted for setting. The graphics facilities required for such a previewer are provided by the I.C.L. Perq computer. This document gives the specifications of a phototypesetter previewer designed to run on the Perq.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/12
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1011/viewcontent/no.85_3.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1012
2010-09-01T06:22:45Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Design of instructional dialogs to be delivered by computer
Nievergelt, J.
This aims to be a pragmatic introduction to Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAl) for people who consider introducing CAl as part of their instructional operation. Since the set-up costs ( in particular, man-power) for CAl are considerable, a careful analysis of expected costs and benefits is a must in order to prevent later disappointment. We list some of the main questions that should be raised and answered, and summarize 'the collected know-how and experience from a number of CAl projects. This survey covers a brief history qf the development of CAl, requirements on the environment (hardware, software, administrative, personnel), and a manual of style for writing instructional material to be delivered by computer.
1979-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/13
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1012/viewcontent/no.79_4.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1010
2013-07-30T05:36:05Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Door opener MK1
Arnold, Peter C
This document is a report on the development of a password keyboard security locking system designed to interface with up to two host computers for the purpose of password controlled access to computer facilities. It was designed for incorporation into the computing facilities of the Computing Science Department of Wollongong University particularly to provide a means of access to their machines by students after hours.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/11
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1010/viewcontent/no.85_1.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1013
2010-09-02T02:53:44Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A model for communicating sequential process
Hoare, C. A. R.
The primary objective of this paper Is to give a simple mathematical model for communicating sequential processes. The model is Illustrated in a wide range of familiar programming exercises, including an operating system and a simulation study. As the exposition unfolds J the examples begin to look 1ike programs, and the notations begin to look like a programming language. Thus the design of a language seems to emerge naturally from its formal definition J in an intel1ectual1y pleasing fashion. The model is not intended to deal with certain problems of nondeterminism. These have been avoided by observance of certain restrictions detailed in the appendix. No attention has been paid to problems of efficient implementation; for this J even further restrictions should be imposed. The long term objective of this study is to provide a basis for the proof of correctness of programs expressed as communicating sequential processes. However, in this paper the formalities have been kept to a minimum and no proofs are given.
1980-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/14
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1013/viewcontent/no.80_1.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1014
2014-04-02T03:45:31Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Evaluation of interrupt handling routines with a logic state analyser
McKerrow, P. J.
Use of a logic state analyser as a hardware monitoring tool is described. The interrupt handling routines of the UNIX* operating system, running on a Perkin-Elmer 7/32, were measured before and after major code modification. CLock handling is used as an example. Performance improvements included a reduction in the execution time of the common interrupt handler from 654 to 55 microseconds and a consequent reduction in cLock handling time from 842 to 347 micro-seconds. Measurement methods and performance enhancements are discussed.
1981-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/15
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1014/viewcontent/no.81_4.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1016
2015-06-10T04:24:14Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Before programming - on teaching introductory computing
Dromey, R. Geoff
In comparison with most other human intellectual activities, computing is in Its infancy despite the progress we seem to have made in such a short time. Consequently, there has been insufficient time for the evolution of "best ways" to transmit computing concepts and skills. It is therefore prudent to look to more mature disciplines for some guidelines on effective ways to introduce computing to beginners. In this respect the discipline of teaching people to read and write In a natural language is highly relevant. A fundamental characteristic of this latter discipline is that a substantial amount of time is devoted to teaching people to read long before they are asked to write stories, essays, etc. In teaching computing we seem to have overlooked or neglected what corresponds to the reading stage in the process of learning to read and write. In the discussion which follows we will look at ways of economically giving students the "computer-reading experience" and preparing them for the more difficult tasks of algorithm design and computer problem-solving.
1981-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/17
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1016/viewcontent/DCSpreprint816.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1015
2014-04-02T03:45:54Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A hybrid real time performance analyser
McKerrow, P. J.
Hybrid monitors attempt to take advantage of the complementary nature of hardware and software tools. Research into ways of dividing the monitoring functions between the hardware and software sections of a tool and co-ordinating their interaction has guided the design of an easy-touse hybrid performance anaLyser. The proposed tool can be added to an existing system or implemented as part of an integrated design of a new system. The real power of the tooL is in its ability to reduce and anaLyse the data being read. A hierarchy of performance measurement strategies is discussed. Execution time, execution path, execution frequency and stimuLus information can all be obtained without having to refer to the code of the moduLes, considerably simplifying the measurement process. Real-time analysis provides the information needed for model development and verification, module spectral anaLysis, bottle-neck analysis and adaptive system control.
1981-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/16
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1015/viewcontent/no.81_5.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1017
2010-09-02T06:33:56Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A representation approach to the tower of Hanoi problem
Er, M. C.
Algorithms for the Tower of Hanoi problem are often used in the introductory texts on computer programming for demonstrating the power of recursion (Hayes, 1977, Dijkstra, 1971; Dromey, 1981). Interesting though these recursive algorithms are, beginners are not always convinced that these algorithms will work until they are run. Given such recursive algorithms, it is not obvious how to move discs around until one actually steps through the programs.
1981-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/18
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1017/viewcontent/no.81_8.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1018
2014-04-02T03:46:21Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Apple I/O card documentation
McKerrow, P. J.
Specifications, variations, bibliography and installation of the Apple I/O card accompanied by related documentation.
1980-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/19
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1018/viewcontent/no.80_8.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1019
2010-09-03T00:33:07Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
The teaching of computing in schools
Pirie, Ian G.
The paper considers five questions in the context of teaching computing in schools. (I) What Is computing? (II) Who should teach It ? (III) What training do they require? (Iv) Where and when should this training be given ? (v) How can this be achieved ? Based on an analysis of the first four points and a summary of the problems raised therein solutions are offerred which make use of the currently avallable over-supply of teachers and the endeavours of Colleges of Advanced Education to retain viability by expanding into new fields.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/20
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1019/viewcontent/no.82_1.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1020
2010-09-03T00:48:11Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A pascal implementation of a display system for pascal programs
Hille, Reinhold Friedrich
Higginbotham, T. F.
First year students of computing science at this university learn to program in the teaching language Pascal. using the department's computer. a Perkin-Elmer 3220. running under UNIX. version 7. Under this version of UNIX. we have a Pascal interpreter and a "pretty printer" called pxp which can be used to format Pascal programs and also to produce an execution profile. What we do not have is a Pascal debugging system. We have found ourselves spending an inordinately large amount of time helping our students to debug programs.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/21
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1020/viewcontent/no.82_2.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
debugging
Pascal
visible program execution
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1024
2010-09-06T02:11:23Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Stack permutations and an order relation for binary trees
Hille, Reinhold Friedrich
An isomorphism between stack permutations of a set of n elements and ordered binary trees with n vertices Is presented. which allows the construction of simple linear time algorithms to compute a ranking 1unction and its inverse for binary trees. No pre-processing of tables is required. as was the case with previously published methods.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/25
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1024/viewcontent/no.82_8.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
binary trees
encoding
lexicographic order
permutations stack
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1028
2013-08-27T06:02:08Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
LIES library information and enquiry system
Barker, Kerrie
Bow, Helen
Grossmann, Vicki
Byrnes, Andrew
Hird, Allan
LIES is a Library Information and Enquiry System that provides a user friendly interface and fast access to both the catalogue and borrower infonnation stored in the system. The user friendly interfaces are provided through the use of tailored menus for the different users of the system * the borrowers * the Librarian * the Library Manager and screen based on line help for all functions.
1987-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/29
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1028/viewcontent/no.87_3.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1025
2014-04-02T03:48:05Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
LOGO and turtle robots
McKerrow, P. J.
LOGO, a computer language in which communication with a turtle takes place, is being used to teach computer awareness, logical thinking, computer programming and mathematics. It is used to create an environment where learning is both natural and pleasurable. LOGO is a practical application of Piaget's fundamental assertion that children learn by doing and by thinking about what they do. Some researchers are investigating the effectiveness of LOGO in a classroom situation while others are applying the basic concepts in new areas in an attempt to develop computing and robotics environments.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/26
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1025/viewcontent/no.82_9.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1021
2014-04-02T03:46:48Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Project management by checkpoint control
McKerrow, P. J.
Students majoring in computing science are required to undertake a software project during their third year of study. The aim of the project course is to give students some "real-world" experience at designing and implementing a reasonably complex piece of software. Rapidly increasing student numbers has caused considerable supervision problems for academic staff. A method of project management using checkpoint control meetings and a rigorous design discipline was used in 1981. This method allowed the staff to keep close contact with the students' progress without consuming large amounts of time while allowing students to develop individual and creative solutions to problems.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/22
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1021/viewcontent/no.82_3.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
Project management
Checkpoint control
Rigorous design discipline
Computing science
Supervision
Students
Project stages
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1022
2014-04-02T03:47:15Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Development of computing science teaching laboratories
McKerrow, P. J.
Specialised laboratory facilities are needed to train computing scientists because, by nature, it is both an experimental and an applied science, requiring a large amount of practical work in courses. These laboratories are expensive to build and maintain. The development of Computing Science teaching laboratories at The University of Wollongong are outlined. Factors effecting laboratory design are examined.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/23
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1022/viewcontent/no.82_6.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
Science
Computing
Computer
Informatics
Laboratories
Teaching
Research
Design
System utilisation
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1027
2010-09-06T02:32:11Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Synchronization of processes
Berztiss, Alfs T.
The study of the synchronization of processes is a very interesting field. It-brings together concepts that have originated in the design of operating systems, and of high level programming languages. Also it is becoming clear that the design of algorithms for parallel execution is intimately connected with synchronization problems. Some specialized synchronization problems have arisen in the design of data base systems. Indeed, distributed data bases provide an example of distributed processing that has immense practical significance. To summarize, synchronization of processes is a universal activity whose importance is being felt throughout computer science. The time has therefore come for the synchronization of processes to be studied as a topic in its own right. In this course I am taking such a broad viewpoint, and am trying to integrate some aspects of operating systems, languages, and parallel algorithms. However, this being a first attempt, the integration is not as thorough as I would have wished. Also, in the short time at my disposal, I am not able to discuss several very important topics, such as reliability.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/28
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1027/viewcontent/no.82_11.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1023
2014-04-02T03:47:40Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Micro-computers, slotcars and education
McKerrow, P. J.
Working models interfaced to micro-computers provide an inexpensive way of simulating realworld situations. Students working with these systems gain a feel for the scope of microcomputer applications in addition to learning micro-processor fundamentals. A micro-computer controlled slot car system has been built for use in the laboratory section of a micro-computer course. This system allows the students to experiment with a realistic micro-computer application. A stimulating environment, where learning is enjoyable, has been created.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/24
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1023/viewcontent/no.82_7.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
Micro-processor
Micro-computer
Slotcar
Education
Real-time
Programming
Hardware
Software
Interface
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1026
2014-04-02T03:48:32Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Computer controlled galvanizing
McKerrow, P. J.
In the galvanizing process excess zinc is coated onto the steeL strip to ensure that the finished product exceeds coating quaLity standards. Reducing the excess coating to a minimum whiLe maintaining product quaLity can significantly reduce a company's zinc bill. A computer based coating-mass controL system has reduced zinc consumption by thirteen percent on a gaLvanizing Line saving in excess of one million dolLars annually. The same system has been installed on a zincalume line with similar results. The most significant time constant in the process is the transport delay between coatingmass control and measurement. Feedforward contol, using a simple model and a table of adapted constants, compensates for this during major changes in process conditions. Feedback control, using a self-adapting linear incremental model, maintains the coating-mass within range during steady-state conditions.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/27
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1026/viewcontent/no.82_10.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1029
2010-09-06T02:50:14Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
BIRGMAN: a compact portable symbolic V.L.S.I. editor after INGRED, but with relative size relationship displayed
Atkinson, Robert
This report describes the implementation of a compact and portable graphical editor for V.L.S.L circuits. The editor provides a symbolic design approach whilst still allowing the designer to view realistic size relationships. First, the aims of the project will be identified, followed by a discussion of the factors which influenced these decisions. Before embarking upon justification of the aims of the project we must understand the nature of V.L.S.1. design. To this end, an overview of V.L.S.L is provided. Readers familiar with symbolic design methods may refer directly to the concluding section of tihs background material. The next section describes the implementation of the project. Having defined the principal aims we discuss their implications, and arrive at a description of the project. This description covers the relationship between the editor and the JMRC (Joint Microelectronics Research Centre, University of New South Wales) package, the internal organisation of the editor and the user interface. The user interface is described in general terms, and then a more specific treatment of individual commands is undertaken. Much of the complexity of this project is due to the use of domainspecific geometric relationships of V.L.S.!. circuit elements to assist the user in specifying correct designs. In addition this knowledge can be used to make V.L.S.L layout quicker and easier.
1987-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/30
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1029/viewcontent/no.87_2.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1030
2014-02-25T00:53:29Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
BURP- the business report processor
Boyd, Sandra
Hattenfels, Mark
McPherson, David
Walls, Tony
Wurth, Monika
BURP is a report generation package which may be used to create general reports or may be used to create relational tables of data that may be manipulated via relational database style BURP commands. A functionally complete set of utilities also provides the ability to manipulate complete reports.
The user friendly BROWSE and EDIT facilities provide functionality to support the following report operations:
* create/modify report data
* search report lines
* project report columns
* select report lines
* join two reports
* apply mathematical equations
* print reports
Screen based on line help is available in all facilities.
1987-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/31
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1030/viewcontent/no.87_1.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1033
2010-09-06T23:18:50Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A physical schema derivation for network databases
Maciaszek, Leszek A.
A methodology for the design of a physical database schema in the network model environment is presented. The methodology is integrated with the conceptual and logical designs as presented inter alia in the earlier reports (Maciaszek, 1986; Maciaszek et ai., 1986a). As the physical design problem has the potential of being untractable in polynomial time; we have reduced its complexity in two orthogonal ways: (1) by applying a theory of separability on user views, and (2) by imposing strict ordering on design steps (with feedback). The methodology adheres to the latest standardization efforts for the network model and is consistent with the currently most recognized network Database Management Systems. The methodology is meant to serve as an initial and preliminary specification for a computer-assisted design tool, which - when integrated with other interactive tools for conceptual and logical designs - will be a component of the Intelligent Database Design Kit (IDDK). The IDDK is being developed for network and relational systems and is partly operational.
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/34
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1033/viewcontent/no.86_9.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
H.2. database management
E.2. data storage representations
H.3. information storage and retrieval
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1032
2010-09-06T23:13:51Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A simulation tool to study methods of addressing of resources of a network operating system
Indulska, J.
Goscinski, A.
In the paper a simulation tool to study an effectiveness of different methods of addressing of resources in network operating system and simulation experiments have been presented. This model makes it possible to study network operating systems with a static addressing of resources and network operating systems with admissible dynamic change of addresses of resources in a local area network. To carry on experiments the model of the network operating system has been extended adding a model of environment demands. The later has been constructed in such a way that it is not necessary to consider an influence of different methods of resource addressing on a distribution of arrival moments of those environment demands. The simulation tool presented here has been developed on the basis of a logical model of the network operating system constructed earlier [Gos 86]. The tool described in this paper could be treated as a basic one because it is possible to use many parts of it to construct other tools making possible simulation studies of other problems of network operating system (e.g., the effectiveness of distribution of resource management, synchronization). The simulation carried out shows that the simulation tool constructed can be effectively used to study the influence of different methods of resource addressing on a performance of network operating systems.
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/33
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1032/viewcontent/no.86_11.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1035
2010-09-06T23:25:49Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A model of a distributed operating system
Goscinski, A.
Indulska, J.
In this paper a logical model of a distributed operating system has been presented. This model of a distributed operating system contains a set of processes managing resources, connections between these processes, and mappings of events controlling this distributed operating system into processes managing resources. The fundamental types of resources introduced by the architecture of local computer networks, i.e., messages and data structures describing the location of resources in the network, have been defined. Operations on these resources and connections between the processes managing them and processes managing other resources of the distributed operating system have been presented. Addressing processes have been discussed. The model has been constructed in such a way that a synthesis of different simulation tools (models) to study distributed operating systems can be carried out. In particular, this model makes it possible to construct simulation tools to study the effectiveness of distributed operating systems with processes managing resources defined in different ways.That means that the model has been developed in such a way to be both a concept and a tool like the model developed by A. K. Jones. The later was treated by us as a background model.
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/36
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1035/viewcontent/no.86_7.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1037
2010-09-06T23:34:49Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
ZIM: an evaluation of a 4GL product
Wilson, David E.A.
ZIM is a database product based on the Entity-Relationship database model. It was evaluated on a Sperry 5000/40 running UNIX System 5.2.
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/38
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1037/viewcontent/no.86_5.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1031
2010-09-06T23:07:13Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
SLOP - An interactive library database system
Shepanski, Michael P.
SLOP is a modular tree-based database system for library management, featuring fast arbitrary data retrieval. Its module structure is briefly discussed together with a superficial review of the support modules, followed by an explanation of the data structures used. Finally the internal control structure of the central module is examined. A knowledge of user-level features of SLOP is assumed.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/32
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1031/viewcontent/no.82_12.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1034
2010-09-06T23:22:05Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A brief introduction to the derivation of programs
Reinfelds, Juris
These notes introduce a method of program derivation. We start by inventing a skeleton structure of the program and by writing down a statement of what conditions should program variables satisfy upon termination of the program. We then derive the rest of the program by algebraic techniques and logical reasoning. We use the methods of Dijkstra and Gries but introduce only a minimum of formalism and theory. Emphasis is on practical application of these methods to classes of problems where success is most likely. The theoretical basis for the methods can be established in later courses.
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/35
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1034/viewcontent/no.86_8.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1038
2013-08-21T04:22:57Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
On derivation of network and relational schemas from an enhanced conceptual structure
Maciaszek, Leszek A.
Bowie, William S.
Lucas, Stephen K.
The derivation rules from an enhanced conceptual structure into a logical schema for network and relational databases are examined. The initial conceptual structure (being itself a derivation from the predefined set of user requirements on data) captures the extended range of semantic modeling constructs, such as: partial and total entities of a relationship, weak and regular relationships, ternary, recursive and nonunivocal relationships, subset and generic relationships. An enhanced conceptual structure is subjected to transforms into logical schemas in a process which is tractable by computer-assisted tools and guarantees to produce feasible network and relational structures.Ten of the basic conceptual structures - from the overall number of one hundred transforms recognizable by the system - are presented with respect to the network database design and then again for the relational database design. The CAD-tool, written in Macintosh Pascal, is briefly described.
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/39
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1038/viewcontent/no.86_3.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1036
2010-09-06T23:31:49Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Latvian charactors on the Macintosh
Reinfelds, Peteris M.
The written Latvian language uses the Roman alphabet with three character modifier symbols. A bar above some vowels, a tick mark over some consonants, or a comma below other consonants. This report describes how the Macintosh software was reconfigured to accomodate these character modifiers.
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/37
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1036/viewcontent/no.86_6.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1039
2013-10-30T04:00:54Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Exploiting low cost computer networks: applications to distributed processing
Gray, Neil
Hille, Reinhold Friedrich
The AppleTalk system is shown to be a viable environment for experimentation in distributed processing. Two illustrative educational examples of distributed algorithms are presented and discussed. The first example is the deterministic equivalent ofthe wellknown non deterministic algorithm for sub graph isomorphism. The second example introduces parallelism by subdividing the travelling salesman problem into sub problems and constructing an approximate solution by combining exact solutions of the sub problems. Issues of computational complexity and efficient usage ofthe network are discussed.
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/40
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1039/viewcontent/no.86_2.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1040
2010-09-07T23:36:01Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
An enhanced conceptual structure derivation
Maciaszek, Leszek A.
A novel and comprehensive methodology for derivation of enhanced conceptual structures is presented. The methodology meets the current state of research in semantic database modeling and it has proved particularly attractive for implementing an integrated tool for computer-assisted design. Present and anticipated user requirements on data (and pertinent statistics), as determining so called pre-canned function environment, are regarded as the fulcrum for all design stages and the verifier of most design decisions. The derivation process handles the extended range of semantic modeling constructs, such as: partial and total entities of a relationship, weak and regular relationships, n-ary, nested, recursive and nonunivocal relationships. A rigorous procedure for view modeling and integration is proposed and followed by a step-wise procedure for transforming collections of attributes, called primitive objects, into entities and relationships of a conceptual schema. A necessity for conceptual schema refinements (through abstractions and normalization) and for design feedbacks is exposed. A consistent set of examples is given in order to illustrate the underlying algorithms and to exemplify the semantics involved in the conceptual model. Finally, a very comprehensive list of references is provided in an attempt to make the report useful as a tutorial for more sophisticated readers (hence, some of the references only intrude on the corner of conceptual database design).
1986-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/41
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1040/viewcontent/no.86_1.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1042
2013-10-14T03:57:48Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
High level language code images for read only memory
Eklund, Peter
In real time systems controlled by icroprocessors, programs are often stored in ROM. The nature of ROM means that certain restrictions are made. For example self-modifying code is not possible and compile time initialisations of data variables are difficult since the data segment of the software is not included in the ROM code image. These reAtrictions manifest themselves in the developed software so that the programmer must at all times be conscious of the memory configuration of the destination machine. This restricts the natural and intended uGage of many High Level Languages. This paper highlights these and other problems associated with code images suitable for ROM and offers a solution to these problems which is both more efficient than the current method of dealing with executable code images in RAM as well as ROM and is easily portable to any UNIX* development environment and associated destination architecture.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/43
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1042/viewcontent/no.85_19.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1041
2013-08-14T05:34:33Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
SPEAK: a speech synthesis system
Barlow, Michael
The speech synthesis system described in this report comprises a letter-to-sound rule system with a supporting hardware phoneme synthesiser. Input ASCII text is converted to International Phonetic Alphabet phonemes through the application of letter-to-sound rules. These IPA phonemes are then converted to the representation required by the Votrax phoneme synthesiser and sent to be synthesised. The letterto-sound rules dictate a phonetic transcription to be given to various letter groupings.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/42
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1041/viewcontent/no.85_20.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1043
2013-08-14T05:01:52Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Speech recognition with the Apple macintosh
Ashton, James
In 1985 the Computing Science Department at Wollongong University adopted speech processing as a major area ofresearch effort. Two honours projects: one involving speech production by computer; and this one involving speech recognition by computer were undertaken. This document describes the theory, goals, development and achievements of the project. Briefly, the project aims to produce a usable system by which spoken words can be automatically translated into written text. While this project does not attempt to be too ambitious due to the time constraints placed on it, it is hoped that it will provide useful experience in a new and increasingly important area ofcomputer science.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/44
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1043/viewcontent/no.85_18.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1044
2014-04-02T03:48:56Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Build your own turtle robot
McKerrow, P. J.
Research into a robotics Learning environment is outLined. DeveLopments required in the LOGO Language are discussed. A moduLar turtLe robot constructed from Fischertechnik components is introduced. Design principLes and approaches to robot construction are discussed.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/45
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1044/viewcontent/no.82_13.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1048
2010-09-08T04:57:30Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Screen editor EDB83
Thompson, Lynne
Strasser, Monika
Porter, Rodney
Tran, Jennifer
Trinh, Dao
The design of EDB83, a screen editor based upon R. Miller's EBIT, can be defined using the terminology introduced by J. Reinfelds, in his sample design document, "The Design of a Simple Editor". This terminology is defined in the following "Definitions" section.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/49
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1048/viewcontent/no.84_1.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1050
2010-09-08T05:25:17Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
TED - a screen-based text editor
Bryant, Wendy
Holmes, Roderick
Overmass, Raymond
Tisseverasinghe, Christopher
The design of this interactive editor may be considered in two spaces. namely the user Interface and the computer Interface. The user interface defines user commands, entered at the keyboard. with which the user is able to control the editor. in the editor both spaces have the same three dimensions. These are: TEXT SCREEN KEYBOARD
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/51
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1050/viewcontent/no.84_3.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1051
2010-09-08T05:29:10Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Ratpas documents
Shepanski, Michael P.
This is a collection of papers related to the Ratpas programming language and Its first implementation. The language was created by Paul Bailes of the University of Wollongong In 1982 and Is now implemented on the UNIX operating system by translation Into Pascal.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/52
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1051/viewcontent/no.84_5.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1046
2013-08-27T01:02:00Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
C-Look
Braithwaite, Stephen
Bryars, Helen
Gondokusumo, Hendra
Nguyen, Loi Huu
Trivor, Mario
Zengovski, Klime
A system to document the structure of a C program composed of code and definitions in many separate files.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/47
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1046/viewcontent/no.85_16.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1052
2010-09-08T06:08:13Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Robotic software for the mini-mover 5 robot arm
Zelinsky, Alexander
The aim of the project is to design and implement software on a MOTOROLA M68000 16 bit microprocessor to control a MINI-MOVER 5 robot arm.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/53
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1052/viewcontent/no.84_6.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1047
2014-04-14T05:01:00Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Termux: a terminal multiplexor for the Cambridge Ring local area network - hardware
Milway, Michael J.
The Terminal Multiplexor will enable several (up to ten) tenninals to be connected to the Cambridge Ring Local Area Network via one Ring Node. This document describes the hardware for the first version of the Tenninal Multiplexor. Some low level software and diagnostics are also described.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/48
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1047/viewcontent/no.85_15.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1045
2010-09-08T04:17:12Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Exploiting partial order with quicksort
Dromey, R. Geoff
The widely known Quicksort algorithm does not attempt to actively take advantage of partial order in sorting data. A relatively simple change can be made to the Quicksort strategy to give a bestcase performance of n. for ordered data. with a smooth transition to O(n log n) for the random data case. An attractive attribute of this new algorithm (Transort) Is that its performance for random data matches that for Sedgewlck's claimed best Implementation of Quicksort.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/46
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1045/viewcontent/no.82_14.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1049
2013-09-11T05:20:54Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Quedit
Betts, David
Chorvat, Trevor
Constable, John
Fazzolare, Michael
Green, Craig
This document is a technical report on the design of an initial implementation of an INTERACTIVE TEXT PROCESSING LANGUAGE ( ITPL). The definition of the terms used in the report to describe the language and the corresponding editor produced can be found in the specification.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/50
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1049/viewcontent/no.84_2.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1053
2010-09-09T01:55:47Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
A critique of current CAL research
Pirie, Ian G.
This paper examines what is wrong with current CAL research and its literature. The principal problem Is that CAL research has developed horizontally. but not vertically. This is reflected in the literature which contains a plethora of specific implementations of CAL but few attempts to draw any generalisations from these that might advance our understanding of CAL. This is attributed to the fact that two fundamental questions about CAL are not asked: those questions being ·When should CAL be used?" and ·What constitutes good CAL?". The absence of these questions is. in turn. attributed to a false bias amongst CAL researchers which leads them to be more concerned that their work uses computers than that It has direct educational benefit.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/54
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1053/viewcontent/no.82_15.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1055
2010-09-09T04:23:21Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
Interactive screen preparation for visible program execution
Hill, B. G.
The most proficient way to teach introductory computing science is currently a topic of widespread debate in the academic community. One suggestion has been to offer a dynamic algorithmic reading experience prior to the actual writing of algorithms, and methods of providing this have been implemented. The "dynamic reading" lessons give the student the opportunity to gain a clear understanding of basic computing techniques prior to the stage of actual use. The development of these lessons can be eased with computer assistance. The Interactive Screen Preparation package enables lesson authors to concentrate on the educational aspects of lesson preparation, and minimise the time consuming and mechanical aspects of the task.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
application/pdf
https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/56
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1055/viewcontent/no.82_17.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1054
2010-09-09T03:53:53Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
publication:compsciwp
publication:document_types
The execution of high level languages
Hill, B. G.
Most computer programmers use a high-level language (HLL) to code their solutions to stated problems. Such languages (FORTRAN, COBOL, Algol, Pascal, C) enable the programmer to code in a more efficient, cost-effective manner than in lower-level (assembler) languages. Further, such programs are "cleaner", less likely to contain "bugs", and provide a degree of readability difficult to achieve in assembly languages.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/55
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1054/viewcontent/no.82_16.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1056
2010-09-09T06:45:56Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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publication:document_types
Program development by data abstraction
Hille, Reinhold Friedrich
This paper explains the vital role of data abstraction in the development of computer programs. Abstract data types provide the mechanism to formulate a solution to a computing problem. They transform functions into algorithms and unltimately into programs. They also provide a mechanism for the development of a hierarchy of levels of abstraction t specific to the problem at hand. Examples are presented to explain these concepts. Consequences of this approach for the proof of program correctness are discussed.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/57
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1056/viewcontent/no.82_18.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1059
2010-09-10T02:35:28Z
publication:eis
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Lecture notes on the science of programming for CSCI121
Reinfelds, Juris
The first book on the derivation of correct programs with the help of predicate calculus was "A Discipline of Programming" by E.W. Dijkstra which was published by Prentice Hallin 1976. Each chapter of this book derives a beautiful and remarkably simple program for problems which range from easy to very difficult. The derivation of most of these programs requires creative ability of a very high order.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/60
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1059/viewcontent/no.85_12.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1057
2010-09-10T02:23:34Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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Student enrolment system
Harris, Owen
Henderson, David
Kalokerinos, Nick
Mintoff, Joe
Nolan, Peter
This document is the Technical Report on the Student Enrolment System (SES) in partial fulfillment of the requirements of CSCI321 Software Project. It outlines the technical details of an automated enrolment system for the University of Wollongong with initial emphasis on the Department of Computing Science. This document is intended for use by systems programmers involved in maintaining the Student Enrolment System.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/58
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1057/viewcontent/no.85_17.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1058
2010-09-10T02:28:23Z
publication:eis
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Data abstraction and program development
Hille, Reinhold Friedrich
This book is intended for students of computer science at the second year uiversity level level who have cmpleted an introductory programming course and who have also had an introduction to basic machine architecture.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/59
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1058/viewcontent/no.85_14.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1060
2010-09-10T02:41:20Z
publication:eis
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Graphical Kernel System (GKS)
Sahib, M. A.
There has been a longstanding need for an international standard in computer graphics. The decision by ISO to define an international graphics standard was supported throughout the world and over the last six years there has been a thorough technical evaluation by the graphics experts of many countries. The result was that in December 1982 the Graphical Kernel System was accepted as a Draft International Standard and is expected to become the International Standard towards the end of 1985. The aim of this report is to introduce the reader to the concepts of GKS. All examples in this report are expressed using the 'c' language because of the GKS implementation available. The author assumes no prior knowledge of computer graphics.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/61
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1060/viewcontent/no.85_11.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1061
2010-09-10T02:46:24Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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publication:document_types
A program structuring principle
Dromey, R. Geoff
A principle for program structuring is introduced. The principle follows from adopting the idea that structure in a program is realized by changing or setting particular subsets of a program's variables under certain defined conditions. Individual structural components may then be defined by changing minimum subsets of variables that permit progress. This method of program structuring is Widely applicable. Examples are presented demonstrating how the structuring principle can be applied to advantage in the implementation of several well-known algorithms.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/62
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1061/viewcontent/no.85_10.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1062
2013-08-27T01:35:59Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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publication:document_types
A cambridge ring node controller
Bunn, Paul C.
This report gives a discussion of the design of a peripheral controller chip to Interface a Cambridge Ring Node to a MC68000 host machine using VLSI technology. The design of such a chip involves following a design strategy. The strategy used Identities what the Interface should be capable of doing. developing a functional description of the interface. mapping the interface onto silicon and finally verifying the design. The characteristics of the interface and the design strategy. along with the software used In the design. will be discussed.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/63
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1062/viewcontent/no.85_8.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1063
2013-09-10T03:50:50Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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publication:document_types
Budget / Account system
Cheung, Chun Shan
A report on the specification, design and implementation of the Budget/Account system.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/64
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1063/viewcontent/no.85_7.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1064
2013-09-02T04:30:49Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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Introduce me to my Macintosh
Callacott, Jennifer
This report is divided lnto four sessions. Session One outlines the Macintosh hardware, Session two outHnes the operating environment of the Mac. Session three describes the Macwrite software application function. Session four introduces the Macintosh Pascal environment for the creation and execution of Pascal programs. Objectives for each session are described at the beginning of each session. Operations, commands and functions are printed in a different type style so that they are easily read and noticed. The report is fashioned such that the student must begin at the beginning and build upon the skills he learns until the end is reached. Further experimentation With functions not described here is expected to be discovered by the student. The Macintosh machine has many other amazing capabBjUes other than those described here. Documentation obtained from Apple Computer Ltd. will explain these functions adequately if there is a desire to learn more.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/65
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1064/viewcontent/no.85_6.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1072
2010-09-10T05:59:32Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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publication:document_types
A discipline for program development
Dromey, R. Geoff
A constructive method of program development is presented. It is based on a simple strategy for problem decomposition that is claimed to be more supportive of goal-oriented programming than the Wirth-Dijkstra top-down refinement method. The strategy can minimize case analysis, simplify constructive program proofs, and, ensure a correspondence between program structure and data structure.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/73
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1072/viewcontent/no.84_17.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1074
2013-08-14T05:20:42Z
publication:eis
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A tutorial introduction to the Unix to Univac communiation system
Bailes, Cecily S.
ThIs tutorIal describes the use of the UNIX to Univac 1100 communications software. The following facilities are provided: a -transparent link- to the Univac so that a UNIX terminal may be used asa Univac termInal; the submission of batch jobs to the Univac; and file transfers between the UNIX and Univac systems.
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/75
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1074/viewcontent/no.83_8.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1070
2010-09-10T05:54:34Z
publication:eis
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CSP at WSS
Hoare, C. A. R.
This preprint contains a copy of the visuals on Communicating Sequential Processes which were presented at the First Wollongong Summer School on the Science of Programming at Sponar's Chalet. January 31 - February 9, 1983.
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/71
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1070/viewcontent/no.83_3.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1069
2015-06-10T05:42:19Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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A semantically-based formatting discipline for Pascal
Bailes, Paul A.
Salvardori, Antonio
The abstract (or semantic) syntax of the Pascal language IS identIfied and a linear representation for the trees so formed within tne framework of the concrete syntax for that language is imposed. The indentation seneme 50 formed. augmented with a small number of pragmaticconsiaerations. is compared with several previously proposed formatting schemes for Pascal and an example of rne use of tnls new method is given.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/70
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1069/viewcontent/DCSpreprint8219.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
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oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1065
2010-09-10T05:28:12Z
publication:eis
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ACOL - accounting information on line
Gallagher, Adrian
Gillesple, Ian
Jagger, Pamela
Ng, Hoe Chin
Pratt, Michael
NAME acol - accounting information on-line SYNOPSIS acol [ -a afile ] [ -bcdghpru options ] [ -f ffile ] DESCRIPTION Acol provides a method of reporting on the accounting data collected by UNIX and stored in /usr/adm/acct (see acct(5)). Output can be in either of two formats, reports or graphs. Commands can be supplied via command line arguments, however if no arguments are present, except for a -a, you will be prompted with a screen on which you can enter the commands. When the screen is used to enter the commands they will be verified as much as possible.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/66
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1065/viewcontent/no.85_5.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1075
2010-09-10T06:26:47Z
publication:eis
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A low-cost implementation of coroutines for C
Bailes, Paul A.
We identify a set of primitive operations supporting coroutines, and demonstrate their usefulness. We then address their implementation in C according to a set of criteria aimed at maintaining simplicity, and achieve a satisfactory compromise between it and effectiveness. Our package for the PDP-II under UNIX allows users of coroutines in C programs to gain access to the primitives via an included definitions file and an object library; no penalty is imposed upon non-coroutine users.
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/76
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1075/viewcontent/no.83_9.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1066
2010-09-10T05:32:51Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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QUACC - A query and reporting system for UNIX system accounting data
Cooper, Nicole
Coury, Raymond
Hegyi, Steven
Hodgson, Neil
This document is the technical report for an interactive screen-based query and reporting system for accounting data collected by the UNIX system on the Computing Science Perkin-Elmer computers.
1985-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/67
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1066/viewcontent/no.85_4.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1067
2010-09-10T05:44:31Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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A discipline for loop construction
Dromey, R. Geoff
A discipline for loop construction is presented which is based on the concept of a well-formed postcondition. A well-formed postcondition is seen to have an implicit logical structure which is made explicit by appropriate. variable binding. This variable binding identifies the loop invariant and a determinate. Loops are then constructed by first identifying the weakest iterative mechanism capable of establishing the postcondition. Subsequent development proceeds by way of inducive stepwise refinement. This discipline for loop construction leads naturally to a scheme for classifying loop mechanisms. It also leads to a proposal for a weak loop grammar (not in principle unlike Chomsky's phrase structure grammar) which helps to make explicit semantically important components of a loop structure. The grammar is enhanced by a set of funOamental transformation rules.
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/68
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1067/viewcontent/no.83_1.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1073
2014-06-18T05:14:38Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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A tutorial introduction to the submit system
Bailes, Cecily S.
An automated student programming assignment submission system is presented. Authorised tutors can define submission parameters for particular assignments. Including the setting of deadlines and the testing of submitted programs. Students can submit documentation program source and test data files. and authorised tutors can then access the collected results of the students' submissions for assessment.
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/74
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1073/viewcontent/no.83_7.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1068
2013-10-30T04:01:32Z
publication:eis
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A screen oriented simulator for a DEC PDP-8 computer
Gray, Neil
This note describes a simulator for the DEC PDP-8 computer. The simulator is intended as an aid tor students starting to learn assembly language programming. It utilises the simple graphIcs capabilities of the terminals in the department's laboratories to present. on the termInal screen. a view of the operations of the simulated computer. The complete system comprises two versions at me program two simulating a PDP-8 computer and a simplified "assembler" tor preparIng students' programs for execution. There are also a number of example PDP-8 programs illustrating partiCUlar aspects of that computer.
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/69
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1068/viewcontent/no.83_2.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
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oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1071
2010-09-10T05:57:47Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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A rational pascal
Bailes, Paul A.
Discussed is the way in which even though Pascal is used for teaching programming. it is unsuitable as a tool for the development of algorithms (as a human thought process) because of the burden of syntactic detail imposed upon the programmer. Consequently educators sometimes introduce a pseudo-code in which to derive ana express algorithms. Such a notation is free of any syntactic detail. but is unfortunately tree of any rigorous semantics definition, with consequent problems in using it to devise and define algorithms. An attempt is made to provide a technical solution to the problem of providing a less obtrusive syntax for Pascal semantics providing a vehicle for expression based on a set of well-defined constructs out tree at the superfluous notational detail that afflicts Pascal programs. The results ot the attempt are assessed. and consideratlon given to implementation issues.
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/72
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1071/viewcontent/no.82_20.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1076
2013-08-14T05:21:23Z
publication:eis
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A rational pascal
Bailes, Paul A.
Even though Pascal is a popular teaching language, it has the disadvantage that it imposes a variety of semantic and syntactic restrictions upon its users. An attempt is made to partially solve this problem by accepting the semantics of Pascal, but providing a less confining syntax for them. The replacement syntax encourages the expression of algorithms in a top-down manner. Implementation by preprocessing into Pascal is straightforward.
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/77
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1076/viewcontent/no.83_10.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1077
2010-09-10T06:50:51Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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Program development by inductive step wise refinement
Dromey, R. Geoff
A constructive method of program development is presented. It seeks to unify two important ideas about program development. Namely that programming is a goal-oriented activity and that there should be a correspondence between data and program structures. The latter concept is seen to be extensible beyond the data processing context in which it was originally proposed. Induction provides the vehicle for program development by stepwise refinement, with the final program being constructed by application of a sequence of progressively more powerful generalizations. The design process employed guarantees the correctness of the final program provided each of the refinement steps have been correctly taken. The method is illustrated by a number of examples.
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/78
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1077/viewcontent/no.83_11.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
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oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1079
2014-04-14T05:00:37Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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An EPROM programmer for the ET3400 expansion system
Milway, Michael J.
An EPROM programmer has been constructed that can program 2716 type 2K by 8 bit and 2532 type 4K by 8 bit EPROMs. Expansion to 8K by 8 bits EPROMs is possible. The EPROM programmer is used as a peripheral device to the ET3400 Microcomputer Trainer Expansion system. Data to be programmed may be down line loaded from a host system or read in from another ROM or EPROM. The EPROM programmer software can program an EPROM, verify that programming was correct, read a ROM or EPROM, check for correct erasure and fill an area of memory with OxFF.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/80
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1079/viewcontent/no.84_7.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
Research Online
oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1082
2010-09-12T23:29:15Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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On-line recognition of handprinted characters
Collins, John
The project implemented an on-line handprinted character recogniser. A Bayesian decision rule was used in conjunction with selected feature transformations. Fourier transformations and transformations derived from discriminant analysis were compared. Discriminant features generally proved superior to those derived from Fourier analysis. A recognition rate of 98% was achieved with the use of the first 4 discriminant functions. The character set included numerals and arithmetic operators. The results from the current system provide a basis for constructing a practical device for data entry.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/83
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1082/viewcontent/no.84_11.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
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oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1081
2010-09-12T23:26:19Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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A state-driven vpe system
Strazdins, Peter
This is a specification for a 'state-driven' VISIBLE PROGRAM EXECUTION (VPE) system which, given a small Pascal 'displayed program', automatically produces a VPE ~output program'. The VPE 'output program', when executed, visibly executes the 'displayed program' on a computer terminal.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/82
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1081/viewcontent/no.84_9.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
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oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1083
2010-09-12T23:32:12Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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Administrative structure and responsibilities
Reinfelds, Juris
With a high staff turnover and a heavy academic load the Department of Computing Science has to make an effort to provide some continuity and consistency in its administrative structure for the management of academic affairs. This paper summarizes the administrative structure of the department and the responsibilities of staff members.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1083/viewcontent/no.84_12.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
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oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1078
2014-04-14T05:01:22Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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Inverse video for volker craig terminals
Milway, Michael J.
Modifications have been made to the department's Volker Craig VC404 and VC4404 terminals 'to enable characters to be displayed in inverse video on an individual character by character basis. This feature has been put to good use in programs such as "Explain" and "Edit" where there is a need to highlight character strings. The two terminal models have different internal designs necessitating the use of different control sequences to enable and disable inverse video. The VC404 uses "control Q" to toggle between normal and inverse video while the VC4404 uses "control Q" to enable inverse video and "control O" to disable it.
1983-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/79
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1078/viewcontent/no.83_12.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
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oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1080
2013-08-19T04:44:49Z
publication:eis
publication:working_papers
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Modularization: a first draft
Berztiss, Alfs T.
From the very beginning of electronic computation program size has created problems. They have been both conceptual (How am I to understand this fifty page listing ?) and physical (Must recompile 2500 lines of code after every little change?). Software engineering has been our response to these problems. Two primary tools of software engineering are data abstraction and modularizatlon. and our purpose here Is to try and make them consistent with each other.
1984-01-01T08:00:00Z
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/81
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1080/viewcontent/no.84_8.pdf
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oai:ro.uow.edu.au:compsciwp-1084
2015-06-11T23:06:52Z
publication:journal_articles
publication:eis
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A display system written for Pascal Programs written in Pascal
Hille, R F
Higginbotham, T F
1982-01-01T08:00:00Z
text
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https://ro.uow.edu.au/compsciwp/85
https://ro.uow.edu.au/context/compsciwp/article/1084/viewcontent/up92_1982_02.pdf
Department of Computing Science Working Paper Series
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